Lady Macbeth’s Sleepwalking – Act 5, Scene 1

• Medical Term: Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

• Scene: Act 5, Scene 1 – a doctor and a gentlewoman observe Lady Macbeth sleepwalking.

• Behavior: She talks in her sleep and attempts to wash imaginary bloodstains from her hands.

• Significance: Her actions reveal her overwhelming guilt over the murders committed by Macbeth.

যদি একটি participle যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়, তাহলে participle অংশকে subordinate clause এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়, আর বাকির অংশ main clause হিসেবে অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

উদাহরণ হিসেবে বিবেচনা করি:

• প্রদত্ত বাক্য: A rolling stone gathers no moss.

• এখানে “rolling” হচ্ছে present participle।

• participle অংশকে subordinate clause এ রূপান্তর করলে এটি হবে: A stone that rolls।

• মূল বাক্য বা main clause হলো gathers no moss।

অতএব, সঠিক রূপান্তর হবে:

• Complex sentence: A stone that rolls gathers no moss.

উৎস: সাধারণ ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণ, participle-to-subordinate clause রূপান্তরের নিয়ম।

Explanation:

• When changing an affirmative sentence with only before the subject into a negative sentence, “none but” is used.

• The rest of the sentence remains unchanged.

Example:

• Affirmative: Only a teacher can guide the students.

• Negative: None but a teacher can guide the students.

More Examples:

• Only God can help us. → None but God can help us.

• Only he can do it. → None but he can do it.

• Only a poet can write a poem. → None but a poet can write a poem.

Other Options Explained:

• ক) No one except but a teacher…  → Incorrect use of “except” and “but” together.

• গ) Only a teacher cannot guide…  → Completely changes the meaning.

• ঘ) Anyone but a teacher…  → Opposite meaning; implies anyone except the teacher can guide.

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain