Question: How much water should be added to 80 liters of pure milk to gain extra 20% profit when selling the mixture at the price of pure milk?

Solution:
Let’s assume,
Price of pure milk per liter = 100 Taka
So, the price of 50 liters of pure milk = 100 × 80 = 8000 Taka

Now assume,
Water added to the milk = x liters
Then the total quantity of the milk-water mixture = (80 + x) liters

Since the mixture is sold at the price of pure milk,
The selling price of (80 + x) liters = 100(80 + x) Taka

According to the question,
100(80 + x) = 8000 + 8000 of 20%
⇒ 8000 + 100x = 8000 + {8000 × (20/100)}
⇒ 8000 + 100x = 8000 + 1600
⇒ 8000 - 8000 + 100x = 1600
⇒ 100x = 1600
⇒ x = 1600/100
⇒ x = 16

∴ Amount of water to be added = 16 liters

Solution:
Interest from Tk. 2000 in 3 years at 5%:
SI = (P × R × T)/100
= (2000 × 5 × 3)/100
= 300 Tk.

Now,
Tk. 1500 to Produce the Same Interest (Tk. 300) at 4%:
Principal, P = Tk. 1500
Interest, SI = Tk. 300
Interest Rate, R = 4%
​ Time, T = ? years

SI = PRT/100
⇒ T = (SI × 100)/(P × R)
⇒ T = (300 × 100)/(1500 × 4)
⇒ T = 30000/6000
∴ T = 5 years

প্রশ্ন: বার্ষিক ৮% সরল সুদে ৫০০০ টাকার ৩ বছরের সুদ কত টাকা?

সমাধান:
দেওয়া আছে,
মূলধন, P = ৫০০০ টাকা
সময়, n = ৩ বছর
সুদের হার, r = ৮ %

আমরা জানি,
সরল সুদ = Pnr /১০০  
= (৫০০০ × ৩ × ৮)/১০০
= ৫০ × ৩ × ৮
= ১২০০ 
 
অর্থাৎ সুদের পরিমাণ = ১২০০ টাকা