'He started teaching Hamlet.' Here 'teaching' is a/an-
A
participle
B
infinitiv
C
verbal noun
D
gerund
উত্তরের বিবরণ
Gerund হলো এমন একটি রূপ যেখানে verb-এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়ে noun-এর কাজ করে। অর্থাৎ এটি একই সাথে verb ও noun-এর ভূমিকা পালন করে।
অন্যদিকে, present participle verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে adjective-এর কাজ করে। এছাড়াও infinitive ও verbal noun-এর আলাদা বৈশিষ্ট্য রয়েছে। নিচে সেগুলো বিস্তারিতভাবে দেওয়া হলো।
Gerund
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Verb + ing যুক্ত হয়ে noun-এর কাজ করলে তাকে gerund বলা হয়।
-
সহজভাবে → Verb + ing = noun = verb + noun-এর কাজ করে।
-
এটি কোনো action বোঝায় না, বরং noun হিসেবে কাজ করে।
Functions of the Gerund
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Subject হিসেবে: Rising early is a good habit.
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Object হিসেবে: I like reading poetry.
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Preposition-এর object হিসেবে: I am tired of waiting.
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Complement হিসেবে: Seeing is believing.
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Compound noun-এর অংশ হিসেবে: This is my writing table.
Present Participle
-
Verb + ing যুক্ত হয়ে adjective-এর কাজ করলে তাকে present participle বলা হয়।
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সহজভাবে → Verb + ing = adjective = verb + adjective-এর কাজ করে।
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Present participle চলমান অবস্থা বা sense প্রকাশ করে।
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উদাহরণ: A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Infinitive
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Verb-এর base form অথবা to + base form।
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উদাহরণ: teach, to teach।
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দুই ধরনের হতে পারে:
-
To-infinitive
-
Bare infinitive (to ছাড়া infinitive)
-
Verbal Noun
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Verb + ing রূপের আগে the এবং পরে of থাকলে তাকে verbal noun বলা হয়।
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গঠন: The + verb + ing + of = verbal noun।
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উদাহরণ: The writing of a good letter is difficult.
0
Updated: 1 month ago
The exam was a piece of cake.
What is the meaning of the phrase piece of cake?
Created: 2 months ago
A
Something that is predictable.
B
Something that is unpredictable.
C
Something that is very difficult to do.
D
Something that is very easy to do.
Correct Answer
Meaning: Something that is very easy to do ✅
Explanation:
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Bangla Meaning: খুবই সহজ, সহজলভ্য, প্রীতিকর বস্তু বা ব্যাপার।
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English Meaning: Something that is very easy to do.
Example Sentences:
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The instructions were confusing, but assembling the furniture was a piece of cake.
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After practicing all week, the piano recital was a piece of cake.
0
Updated: 2 months ago
Depression is often hereditary. The underlined word is a/an-
Created: 2 months ago
A
Adverb
B
Adjective
C
Noun
D
Verb
Hereditary (adjective)
ইংরেজি অর্থ: কোনো বৈশিষ্ট্য বা রোগ যা পিতামাতা থেকে সন্তানদের মধ্যে জিনের মাধ্যমে চলে আসে।
বাংলা অর্থ: পুত্রপৌত্রে প্রাপ্ত; পরম্পরাগত; ক্রমায়ত; কৌলিক; বংশানুক্রমিক।
উদাহরণ বাক্য:
-
Depression is often hereditary.
এই বাক্যে ‘hereditary’ শব্দটি ‘Depression’ (নামপদ) কে বর্ণনা করছে, তাই এটি একটি বিশেষণ (Adjective)।
সূত্র: Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
0
Updated: 2 months ago
Hardly had we finished our dinner when the lights ________.
Created: 2 months ago
A
go out
B
gone out
C
to be gone
D
went out
Time-related Conjunctions: “No sooner,” “Hardly,” “Scarcely,” and “As soon as”
-
All of these are used to convey the meaning: “করতে না করতেই / হতে না হতেই” (immediately after something happens).
Rules for Use:
-
No sooner… than
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Structure: No sooner + had + subject + past participle, than + subject + past tense verb
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Example: No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
-
-
Hardly / Scarcely… when
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Structure: Hardly/Scarcely + had + subject + past participle, when + subject + past tense verb
-
Example: Hardly had we finished our dinner when the lights went out.
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Note: Use “when” instead of “than.”
-
-
As soon as
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Structure: As soon as + subject + verb (past/present/future as required), …
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Example: As soon as he arrived, the meeting started.
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Note: After “as soon as,” just use a comma; no “than” or “when” is needed.
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Summary Table:
| Expression | Connector to 2nd Clause | Example |
|---|---|---|
| No sooner had | than | No sooner had I entered than it rained. |
| Hardly had | when | Hardly had we arrived when it started raining. |
| Scarcely had | when | Scarcely had she left when the phone rang. |
| As soon as | , (comma) | As soon as he finished, he left. |
Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain
0
Updated: 2 months ago
