Question: The simple interest on a sum of money is Tk. 720 in 12 years. If the principal is doubled after 6 years, what will be the total interest at the end of 12 years?

Solution:
সরল সুদ সময়ের সাথে সমানভাবে অর্জিত হয়। যদি 12 বছরে 720 টাকা সুদ পাওয়া যায়, তাহলে 6 বছরে (অর্থাৎ অর্ধেক সময়ে) মোট সুদের অর্ধেক পাওয়া যাবে।

∴ প্রথম 6 বছরের সুদ = মোট সুদের অর্ধেক
= 720/2 = 360 টাকা

পরবর্তী 6 বছরে মূলধন দ্বিগুণ করা হলে, সুদও দ্বিগুণ হবে।
∴ পরবর্তী 6 বছরের সুদ = 360 × 2 = 720 টাকা

∴ মোট সুদ = প্রথম 6 বছরের সুদ + পরবর্তী 6 বছরের সুদ
= 360 + 720 = 1080 টাকা

Question: If 2/3 of X = 75% of Y = 0.4 of Z, then find the ratio X : Y : Z.

Solution:
According to the question,
(2/3) × X = 75% of Y
⇒ 2X/3 = 75Y/100
⇒ 2X/3 = 3Y/4
⇒ X/Y = 9/8

Now,
75% of Y = 0.4 of Z
⇒(75Y/100) = (2Z/5)
⇒ (3Y/4) = (2Z/5)
⇒ 15Y = 8Z
⇒ Y/Z = 8/15

X : Y : Z = (9/8) : 1 : (15/8)
Multiply all terms by 8:
X = 9 × 1 = 9
Y = 1 × 8 = 8
Z = (15/8) × 8 = 15

Therefore,
X : Y : Z = 9 : 8 : 15

Question: A bank offers 5% compound interest calculated half-yearly. A customer deposits Tk. 1600 on 1st January and another Tk. 1600 on 1st July of the same year. How much interest will he earn at the end of the year?

Solution:
Here,
Half-yearly interest rate = 5% ÷ 2 = (5/2)%

Now,
The first deposit of Tk. 1600 was made on 1st January.
It stays for 12 months, so it earns interest twice, once after 6 months, and again after 12 months.
So, it earns interest for 2 times (i.e., 2 half-years).

∴ A₁ = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ
= 1600 × {1 + 5/(2 × 100)}²
= 1600 × {1 + (1/40)}²
= 1600 × (41/40) × (41/40)
= 1600 × 1681/1600
= 1681

Now,
The second deposit of Tk. 1600 was made on 1st July.
It stays for 6 months, so it earns interest only once (1 half-year).

∴ A₂ = P(1 + r/100)ⁿ
= 1600 × (1 + 1/40)¹
= 1600 × (41/40)
= 1640

Total amount = 1681 + 1640 = 3321
Total money deposited = 1600 + 1600 = 3200
∴Interest earned = 3321 - 3200 = Tk. 121

∴ The customer would have gained Tk. 121 by way of interest.