Question: Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. If 4 is subtracted from the first number, the ratio becomes 1 : 2. What are the numbers?

Solution:
Let the two numbers be: 2x and 3x

According to the question,
(2x - 4)/3x = 1/2
⇒ 2(2x - 4) = 3x
⇒ 4x - 8 = 3x
⇒ x = 8

∴ First number = 2 × 8 = 16
∴ Second number = 3 × 8 = 24

Question: Tk. 1,000 becomes Tk. 1,200 in 4 years at a certain rate of simple interest. If the rate of interest is increased by 2%, what amount will Tk. 1,000 become in 4 years?

Solution:
Principal, P = 1000
Interest, I = 1,200 - 1,000 = 200
Time, T = 4 years

SI = PRT/100
⇒ R = (SI × 100)/(P × n)
⇒ R = (200 × 100)/(1000 × 4)
⇒ R = 20000/4000
⇒ R = 5

∴ Interest rate, R = 5%

∴ New Interest rate = 5% + 2% = 7%

New interest at 7% for 4 years:
New interest = (1,000 × 7 × 4)/100
= (28,000)/100
= 280 Tk.

New amount = Principal + Interest
= 1,000 + 280
= Tk. 1,280

Question: What is the compound amount of Tk. 3200 for 2 years at a rate of interest 5% per annum?

Solution:
Given,
Principal, P = 3200
Rate, r = 5% = 5/100 = 1/20
Time, n = 2 years

We know,
A = P(1 + r)ⁿ
  = 3200 × (1 + 1/20)²
  = 3200 × (21/20)²
  = (3200 × 21 × 21) / (20 × 20)
  = (3200 × 441) / 400
  = 1411200 / 400
  = 3528

∴ The compound amount is Tk. 3528.