Sentence:
Do you understand why they canceled the event?

• Underlined clause: why they canceled the event → Noun Clause

Explanation:

• Noun Clause = Subordinate clause যা noun-এর কাজ করে (subject, object, complement, বা apposition)।

• এখানে why they canceled the event হলো object of the verb understand.

• Noun Clause সাধারণত শুরু হয়: that, what, when, where, whom, why, whether, how, if

  • Example: I know that he is honest. → that can be omitted

• Noun Clause ব্যবহার হতে পারে:

  1. Verb-এর subject হিসেবে

  2. Verb-এর object হিসেবে

  3. Object-এর complement হিসেবে (subjective/objective)

  4. Verb-এর subject-এর complement হিসেবে

  5. Preposition-এর object হিসেবে

Quick Tip:

• Noun Clause = clause that acts as a noun in the sentence.

“Tell me frankly why you did this” বাক্যটির underlined অংশ “why you did this” একটি Noun Clause, কারণ এটি বাক্যের object হিসেবে কাজ করছে। অর্থাৎ verb ‘tell’ এর direct object হিসেবে এটি ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

Noun clause সাধারণত সেই সব subordinate clause যেগুলো বাক্যে subject, object, complement, বা noun/pronoun এর apposition হিসেবে কাজ করে। এগুলো তখন ব্যবহৃত হয় যখন একক শব্দ যথেষ্ট নয়।

Noun Clause ব্যবহার করা যায় নিম্নলিখিত স্থানে:
• Verb এর subject হিসেবে:
Example: That he has much money is known to all.

• Verb এর object হিসেবে:
Example: I know that he has done it.

• Verb এর complement হিসেবে:
Example: This is what I said.

• Preposition এর object হিসেবে:
Example: I cannot understand the meaning of what he said.

• Noun/pronoun এর apposition হিসেবে:
Example: The fact that he is a thief is clear to all.

Other clause types:

• Adjective Clause:
যে subordinate clause কোনো noun/pronoun কে modify করে তাকে Adjective Clause বলে। এটি noun এর post modifier হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Adverbial Clause:
যে subordinate clause একটি বাক্যে adverb এর মতো কাজ করে এবং verb, adjective-clause বা অন্য adverbial clause modify করে তাকে Adverbial Clause বলা হয়। এরা সাধারণত time, place, cause, effect, purpose ইত্যাদি বুঝায়।

• Adverbial Phrase:
যে phrase বাক্যে adverb এর মত কাজ করে তাকে Adverbial Phrase বলে। সাধারণত বাক্যের when, where, why, how জিজ্ঞেস করলে যে phrase পাওয়া যায় সেটি Adverbial Phrase।

Noun Clause as Apposition

Example Sentence:

• The fact that metals expand when heated is useful in engineering.

• Here, ‘that metals expand when heated’ is a Noun Clause.

Explanation:

• Noun clauses can function as apposition to a noun or pronoun.

• Words like News, Belief, Fact, Rumour are often followed by a noun clause in apposition.

• In this case, ‘that metals expand when heated’ gives extra information about fact.

Note on Apposition:

• Apposition provides additional information about a noun/pronoun.

• It does not modify the noun like an adjective clause.

Uses of Noun Clauses:

1. As Subject of a verb.

2. As Object of a transitive verb.

3. As Complement after a linking verb.

4. As Object of a preposition.

5. As Apposition to a noun/pronoun.

More Examples:

• The fact that ice floats on water is due to its lower density. → Noun clause in apposition

• The fact that all living organisms need water to survive highlights the importance of clean water. → Noun clause in apposition

Clause vs Phrase:

• Clause: Must have a finite verb (with tense).

• Phrase: May or may not contain a verb; if it does, it does not follow tense structure.

Summary:

A Noun Clause in apposition provides additional information about a noun/pronoun without modifying it and always begins with words like that, whether, what, etc.