Complete sentence: He always has me do his work.

Causative Verb:

• Subject যখন নিজে কাজ না করে অন্যকে দিয়ে কাজ করিয়ে নেয় তখন এই অর্থে causative verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Help, Get, Have, Let, Make ইত্যাদি বহুল প্রচলিত causative verbs।

• Make, Have, Get প্রভৃতি যোগে অনেক verb-কে causative verb এ পরিণত করা যায়।

Causative Verb Structure:

1. Have (ব্যক্তি)

• Structure: Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually person) + base form of verb + ...

• Examples:

  • Jonny had Ronny clean the bedroom.

  • He always has me do his work.

  • Mary will have Alex prepare her homework.

2. Have (বস্তু)

• Structure: Subject + have (any tense) + object (usually thing) + past participle form of verb + ...

• Examples:

  • John had his car washed.

  • He always has his work done.

  • Lopa will have her homework prepared.

3. Get (ব্যক্তি/বস্তু)

• Structure (person): Subject + get (any tense) + object + infinitive (to + v1)

  • Example: John got Alex to clean the bedroom.

• Structure (thing): Subject + get (any tense) + object + past participle

  • Example: John got his car washed.

4. Make (ব্যক্তি)

• Structure: Subject + make (any tense) + object (always person) + base form of verb + ...

• Examples:

  • Robert made me beat that little child.

  • He always makes me do his work.

  • Mary will make me prepare her homework.

  • I made him wash my car.

  • He makes me laugh whenever I am down.

Other options:

• ক) to do: ভুল, causative structure এ সরাসরি base form আসে।

• গ) done: past participle; এখানে ব্যবহার হয় না।

• ঘ) has done: present perfect tense; causative structure এর ক্ষেত্রে প্রযোজ্য নয়।

The sentence "A swarm of sightseers descends upon the island every summer" illustrates the use of a collective noun.

• Swarm: English meaning – a large number of honeybees, ants, locusts, sightseers, tourists, meteors, or children.

• Bangla meaning – জাঁক, পাল, দল।

• Example usage: a swarm of ants, a swarm of bees, swarms of children in the park.

• Other related collective nouns:

  • School: a group of fish – a school of fish (মাছের ঝাঁক বা ভিড়)

  • Cluster: a number of similar things occurring together – a cluster of trees, flowers, bees (গুচ্ছ, ঝাঁক, ঝাড়, স্তবক)

  • Flight: a group of similar beings or objects flying together – typically birds or insects – a flight of birds

• Collective Noun: এটি এমন একটি Noun যা একত্রে কয়েকজন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সমষ্টি বোঝায় এবং এককভাবে বিবেচিত হয়।

• উদাহরণস্বরূপ: cattle, herd, army, public, library, jury, committee, crew, majority, minority।

The masculine form of “ewe” is ram.

• Ram – ভেড়া

• Ewe – ভেড়ী

Some Examples of Masculine and Feminine Forms:

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain