Complete sentence:
If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.

Explanation:

• This is a 3rd Conditional sentence.

• 3rd Conditional Structure:

  • If clause → If + Past Perfect (had + V3)

  • Main clause → would/could/might + have + V3

• It expresses a hypothetical situation in the past that did not happen.

Examples:

• If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

• If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

Gerund Phrase – Example and Explanation

• Example Sentence:
  Learning a new language demands consistent practice.

  • Underlined part: Learning a new language

  • Function: Gerund Phrase (Noun Phrase)

  • Explanation:

    • Begins with a gerund (Learning = verb + -ing acting as a noun)

    • Functions as the subject of the sentence

    • Hence, it is both a Noun Phrase and a Gerund Phrase

Noun Phrase:

• A noun phrase is a group of words that functions as a noun or pronoun in a sentence.

• It can be modified by adjectives.

Three Types of Noun Phrases:

1. Appositive Phrase:

   • Renames another noun in the sentence, often set off by commas

   • Example: Mr. Rahman, my favorite English teacher, is doing this assignment for me.

2. Gerund Phrase:

   • Starts with a gerund (verb + -ing) and acts as a noun

   • Example: Traveling to new places broadens your perspective.

3. Infinitive Phrase:

   • Begins with an infinitive (to + verb) and includes modifiers

   • Example: His dream is to travel the world.

Source: Cliff's TOEFL

Victorian Period (1832–1901)

সঠিক উত্তর: খ) 1832-1901

সংক্ষিপ্ত বিবরণ:

• নামকরণ: Queen Victoria (শাসনকাল শুরু 1837) এর নামে

• শুরুর বছর: 1832 (সাহিত্যিক বৈশিষ্ট্যে বড় পরিবর্তনের কারণে)

• মূল বৈশিষ্ট্য: শিল্প, সমাজ ও নৈতিকতার পরিবর্তন; সামাজিক সমস্যা ও বাস্তবধর্মী সাহিত্য

• Fabian Society (1883) প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় শ্রেণি-সংঘর্ষে সহিংসতা এড়ানোর জন্য; সদস্যদের একজন ছিলেন G.B. Shaw

দুইটি সময়কাল:

1. The Pre-Raphaelites (1848–1860)

2. Aestheticism & Decadence (1880–1901)

প্রধান লেখকরা:

• Charles Dickens

• Thomas Hardy

• Matthew Arnold

• Lord Alfred Tennyson

• Robert Browning

• George Eliot

• Samuel Butler