“The less I speak, the more I meditate.”

• Quote by: Thomas Kyd

• Source: The Spanish Tragedy

The Spanish Tragedy

• Written by Thomas Kyd, it is a prominent example of the Revenge Tragedy genre.

• Revenge Tragedy: A type of play where a quest for vengeance leads to bloodshed and mutilation. Often inspired by Senecan tragedy.

• Kyd’s play popularized revenge tragedy during the Elizabethan Period.

Summary of the Play:

• Begins with the ghost of Don Andrea, a Spanish nobleman killed in a battle in Portugal.

• Don Andrea narrates his death and encounters the Spirit of Revenge, describing his fight with Portuguese prince Balthazar.

• The plot interweaves his love story with Bel-Imperia and themes of revenge, love, and honor, leaving a strong impact on contemporary audiences.

Key Characters:

• Hieronimo (Protagonist)

• Bel-Imperia (Heroine)

• Lorenzo

• Balthazar

• Horatio

• Ghost of Don Andrea

Famous Quotation:

• “The less I speak, the more I meditate.”

Thomas Kyd (1557–1595):

• English dramatist of the Elizabethan Period.

• Member of the University Wits.

• Known for developing Elizabethan drama, especially revenge tragedy.

Notable Works:

• The Spanish Tragedy (1585)

• Cornelia (1590)

Source: Britannica, Live MCQ Lecture

Rule:

• Possessive adjective-এর পরে noun বা gerund বসে।

Examples:

• Take your time. (noun)

• My father never approved of her marrying a foreigner. (gerund)

• Formal English:

  • Verbs যেমন appreciate, enjoy, mind, resent ইত্যাদির পর, যদি pronoun gerund (-ing form)-এর আগে আসে, তাহলে pronoun possessive form-এ থাকবে।

  • উদাহরণ: I appreciate your helping me with the project.

    • এখানে helping হলো gerund, এবং pronoun your ঠিকভাবে possessive case-এ আছে।

Correct Sentence:
👉 I appreciate your helping me with the project.

Option Analysis:

1. I appreciate your help me with the project.

   • ভুল, কারণ possessive adjective 'your'-এর পরে gerund বসা উচিত, 'help' নয়।

2. I appreciate you helping me with the project.

   • formal English-এ your helping (possessive + gerund) গ্রহণযোগ্য।

   • তাই objective + gerund ভুল ধরা হয়েছে।

3. I appreciate your to helping me with the project.

   • ভুল, কারণ possessive adjective 'your'-এর পরে gerund বসে, 'to helping' নয়।

ফরাসী লেখক Guy de Maupassant wrote 'The Diamond Necklace'.
- ১৮৮৪ সালে ১৭ ফেব্রুয়ারি 'La Parure' শিরোনামে ফ্রেঞ্চ পত্রিকা 'Le Gaulois' এ এই উপন্যাসটি প্রকাশিত হয়েছিল।

- Like most of Maupassant’s short fiction, it was an instant success, and it has become his most widely read and anthologized story. 
 It tells the story of Mathilde Loisel, a young woman who borrows a necklace from a wealthy friend to wear to a high-society event, only to lose it and spend the next ten years of her life in poverty trying to replace it.
- The story is a cautionary tale about the dangers of materialism and social ambition, featuring one of Maupassant’s infamous plot twists for which he was well known.

• The important characters of this short story:
- 'Mathilde Loisel' (The protagonist of the story)
- 'Monsieur Loisel' (Mathilde’s husband)
- 'Madame Forestier' (Mathilde’s wealthy friend)

• Guy de Maupassant
- He is a French naturalist writer of short stories and novels who is by general agreement the greatest French short-story writer.

• Notable Work: 
- A Woman’s Life,
- Bel-Ami,
- Boule de Suif,
- L’Inutile Beauté,
- La Maison Tellier,
- Le Rosier de Madame Husson,
- Mont-Oriol,
- Notre coeur,
- Pierre et Jean,
- The Horla,
- Toine.

Source: Britannica and Sparksnotes.